Symptom

Dizziness

Dizziness is a common symptom that can present as a spinning sensation (vertigo), unsteadiness or a general feeling of confusion. Almost everyone experiences dizziness at some point in life.

The most common causes are benign positional vertigo (BPPV), inner ear infection, a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, migraine, or dehydration. Less commonly, the underlying cause may be neurological or heart-related.

Treatment depends on the cause: BPPV is helped by repositioning manoeuvres, inner ear problems by medication, and general dizziness by lifestyle changes. Severe or prolonged symptoms require medical evaluation.

Frequently asked questions

What is benign positional vertigo (BPPV)?

BPPV is the most common cause of dizziness. It is caused by calcium crystals in the inner ear balance organ becoming dislodged and moving to an unsuitable place. The symptom is a short, intense spinning sensation when the head moves. It is fully treatable with simple repositioning manoeuvres (such as the Epley manoeuvre) that a doctor or physiotherapist can perform.

When is dizziness a warning sign?

Seek emergency care immediately if dizziness is accompanied by a sudden severe headache, difficulty speaking or swallowing, visual disturbances, numbness or weakness in the limbs. These may indicate a cerebrovascular event.

Does physiotherapy help with dizziness?

Yes, a physiotherapist specializing in vestibular rehabilitation can effectively treat BPPV and other balance disorders. The exercises help the nervous system adapt to the changed balance system.