Thyroid Disorders

The thyroid gland regulates metabolism by producing thyroid hormones. In hypothyroidism, metabolism slows down: symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, constipation and depression. In hyperthyroidism, metabolism speeds up: symptoms include palpitations, weight loss, sweating and nervousness.

Diagnosis is made with blood tests measuring TSH, T4 and T3 levels. Hypothyroidism is treated with thyroid hormone replacement, while hyperthyroidism is treated with antithyroid medication, radioiodine or surgery. An internal medicine specialist or endocrinologist regularly monitors treatment balance. The growth of thyroid nodules is followed with ultrasound to rule out malignancy.