Symptom

Shortness of breath

Shortness of breath means the feeling that breathing has become difficult or requires more effort than usual. It can occur during exertion or even at rest, and it may be sudden or chronic.

The most common causes include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, anemia, obesity, poor physical fitness, or anxiety. Sudden shortness of breath may indicate a serious condition.

Treatment depends on the cause. Asthma and COPD are treated with inhaled medicines and rehabilitation. Improving physical fitness usually significantly reduces shortness of breath. Anxiety-related shortness of breath is treated with psychotherapy and relaxation exercises.

Frequently asked questions

When is shortness of breath an emergency?

Call 112 immediately if shortness of breath is sudden and severe, or if it is accompanied by chest pain, blue lips, blue hands or face, or loss of consciousness. These may indicate a heart attack, pulmonary embolism, or anaphylaxis.

Can anxiety cause shortness of breath?

Yes. Anxiety and panic attacks can cause a feeling of shortness of breath, often together with hyperventilation. This is not dangerous, but it can feel frightening. Deep breathing exercises help quickly.

Why does exertional shortness of breath increase with age?

Lung capacity and heart function naturally decline with age. Muscle fitness and the efficiency of oxygen use also decrease. Regular aerobic exercise significantly slows this development and improves exercise tolerance.