Symptom

Swelling

Swelling (oedema) means a buildup of fluid in the tissues, which causes the area to look puffy or swollen. Swelling most commonly appears in the feet, ankles, lower legs or hands.

Common causes include prolonged standing or sitting, excessive salt intake, pregnancy, hormonal changes or certain medications. More serious causes include heart failure, kidney or liver disease, or lymphedema.

Mild swelling often improves on its own with elevating the legs and exercise. Persistent, severe or sudden swelling requires a doctor’s assessment.

Frequently asked questions

Why do my legs swell in the evening?

During the day, fluid collects in the feet and ankles due to gravity, especially after prolonged standing or sitting. This is normal and improves with rest and keeping the legs elevated. If the swelling does not ease overnight or is severe, it should be evaluated by a doctor.

Which medicines can cause swelling?

Many medicines can cause swelling as a side effect: blood pressure medicines (calcium channel blockers), anti-inflammatory painkillers, corticosteroids, hormonal preparations and certain diabetes medicines. Do not stop a medicine on your own; instead, tell your doctor about the symptom.

What is lymphedema?

Lymphedema is caused by a dysfunction of the lymphatic system, where lymph fluid formed from tissue fluid cannot circulate normally. It can be congenital or follow surgery, radiotherapy or other damage to the lymph nodes. Treatment includes lymphatic massage, compression bandages and specialized exercise.