Heart diseases

Heart diseases are the leading cause of death in Finland and the most significant disease group overall. Coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular disease, and hypertension are the most common forms. Every year, about 15,000 people in Finland have a myocardial infarction, and more than one million Finns use heart or vascular medications.

Symptoms vary depending on the heart disease. In coronary artery disease, chest pain on exertion is typical. In heart failure, symptoms include shortness of breath, swelling, and fatigue. Arrhythmias may cause palpitations, dizziness, or fainting. Advanced hypertension is often symptomless, which makes it the dangerous so-called silent killer.

The most important modifiable risk factor is high blood pressure. Other risk factors include high LDL cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, low physical activity, and hereditary predisposition. Stress and psychosocial factors also play a role in the development of heart disease.

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, ECG, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Cardiac ultrasound (echocardiography) is important for assessing the structure and function of the heart. An exercise test and coronary CT or invasive contrast imaging are performed as needed. A cardiologist is the specialist for heart diseases.

Treatment combines medication, lifestyle changes, and, when necessary, procedures. Blood pressure and cholesterol medicines are the foundation of heart disease treatment. Coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery is performed when the narrowing of the artery is significant. Arrhythmias are treated with medication, catheter procedures, or a pacemaker.

Cardiac rehabilitation after a coronary event or surgery has proven highly beneficial: aerobic exercise, nutritional counseling, and psychological support improve prognosis and quality of life. If symptoms appear, you should seek medical assessment promptly, as early treatment can save a life or prevent permanent damage.