Symptom

Excess mucus production and phlegm

Excess mucus production and phlegm mean a feeling that more mucus than normal is forming in the airways – especially in the bronchi – and may come up into the mouth when coughing or remain to irritate the throat. The symptom may feel like persistent throat clearing, coughing, or mucus rising from the lungs. Phlegm can be temporary, for example with a common cold, but if it lasts longer it may indicate a respiratory disease.

In Finland, the most common causes of phlegm are respiratory infections, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In asthma, mucus production is often also associated with coughing and shortness of breath, while in COPD phlegm and long-term cough are common, especially in smokers. Bronchiectasis can also cause chronic phlegm, and sometimes the mucus may contain blood. Allergies, irritants, and environmental factors can also increase mucus production.

Phlegm is often harmless, but if a phlegmy cough lasts more than 2–3 weeks, is accompanied by shortness of breath, severe fatigue, blood in the mucus, or other concerning symptoms, it is advisable to seek medical assessment. A healthcare professional can identify the cause of the symptom and guide you to the necessary examinations and treatment.

Practitioners – Excess mucus production and phlegm

Frequently asked questions

Why does mucus keep building up in my throat?

The most common causes are respiratory infections, asthma, COPD, or allergies. If the phlegm continues for a long time or worries you, it is worth booking an appointment with a healthcare professional.

Is a phlegmy cough dangerous?

Often a phlegmy cough is caused by a temporary infection. If the cough lasts more than 2–3 weeks, or is accompanied by blood or shortness of breath, always seek medical care.

Can I do anything at home to ease phlegm?

Drinking enough fluids, not smoking, and humidifying indoor air may help ease phlegm. If the symptom does not improve, contact a healthcare professional.

When is phlegm a sign of illness?

Persistent, heavy, or blood-streaked phlegm may indicate a respiratory illness. If you are unsure about the cause of the symptom, book an appointment for a medical assessment.