Stroke rehabilitation

Cerebrovascular disorder, or AVH, includes cerebral infarctions and cerebral hemorrhages. Cerebral infarction is the most common type: it occurs when a blood clot blocks a cerebral artery and brain cells begin to die from lack of oxygen. In Finland, AVH affects about 24,000 people each year, and it is the third most common cause of death. The condition can affect people of any age, but the risk rises sharply with age.

Stroke symptoms begin suddenly: sudden one-sided weakness or numbness in the face, arm or leg, slurred speech or difficulty understanding, sudden visual disturbance or severe headache are warning signs. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) causes symptoms briefly but is a serious warning sign of a future cerebral infarction. If stroke is suspected, call 112 immediately.

The most important risk factor is high blood pressure, followed by atrial fibrillation, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity and lack of physical activity. A large proportion of strokes could be prevented by managing risk factors.

Stroke is diagnosed in the emergency department with a CT scan or MRI of the brain. Acute cerebral infarction may be treated with thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy if treatment can be started quickly enough. Speed is the most decisive factor in treating cerebral infarction: every lost minute means brain cells dying.

After the acute phase, rehabilitation begins: neurological physiotherapy restores mobility and balance, occupational therapy supports coping with daily activities, and speech therapy treats speech and swallowing disorders. Rehabilitation intensity is directly linked to recovery outcomes, and it should be started as soon as possible.

Significant recovery can occur months to years after the acute phase, as the brain can reorganize itself thanks to its neuroplasticity. Preventing recurrent stroke with medication and risk-factor management is an essential part of long-term care.